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Delayed Open Source Publication -- Research
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Chad Whitacre
Delayed Open Source Publication -- Research
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e4178702
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e4178702
authored
1 year ago
by
James Vasile
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e4178702
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@@ -36,13 +36,17 @@ license.\footnote{Note that this definition deliberately does not
...
@@ -36,13 +36,17 @@ license.\footnote{Note that this definition deliberately does not
Netscape Navigator source code, which through further development
Netscape Navigator source code, which through further development
eventually became Mozilla Firefox, is \emph{not} an example of DOSP.
eventually became Mozilla Firefox, is \emph{not} an example of DOSP.
This report is examines the history and effects of DOSP practiced as
This report is examines the history and effects of DOSP practiced as
a conscious strategy; the effect of unplanned
and
unpredicted open
a conscious strategy; the effect of unplanned
or
unpredicted open
source publication is also an interesting topic, but a separate
source publication is also an interesting topic, but a separate
one.}
one.}
Software producers have practiced DOSP throughout the history of free
Software producers have practiced DOSP throughout the history of free and open
and open source software.\footnote{We use the terms ``free software''
source software.\footnote{We use the terms ``free software'' and ``open source
and ``open source software'' synonymously throughout this report.}
software'' synonymously throughout this report.} This document is a selective
survey of that history. It collects and categorizes sample products and tries
to identify some trends.
However, surveying this phenomenon at a high level, from its
However, surveying this phenomenon at a high level, from its
beginnings through today, shows some clear trends:
beginnings through today, shows some clear trends:
...
@@ -76,6 +80,7 @@ beginnings through today, shows some clear trends:
...
@@ -76,6 +80,7 @@ beginnings through today, shows some clear trends:
"as soon as we find the right non-profit home for it", etc.
"as soon as we find the right non-profit home for it", etc.
Probably includes bounty mechanisms, but only if these were
Probably includes bounty mechanisms, but only if these were
intended --- that is, not ``buy-outs".
intended --- that is, not ``buy-outs".
\emph{James thinks this is also not really DOSP in the same sense,
\emph{James thinks this is also not really DOSP in the same sense,
although it's a category that quite a few people wrote in about.}
although it's a category that quite a few people wrote in about.}
...
@@ -87,6 +92,42 @@ eventually decide to do so. These aren't technically in scope, but we
...
@@ -87,6 +92,42 @@ eventually decide to do so. These aren't technically in scope, but we
should give some examples somewhere --- maybe in a footnote or
should give some examples somewhere --- maybe in a footnote or
appendix --- just to make it clear that it's something that happens.
appendix --- just to make it clear that it's something that happens.
DOSP approaches belong to a class of approaches and licenses that sit somewhere
between traditional proprietary approaches and full-fledged FOSS licenses that
meet the OSI Definition. These models of software release, which we might call
"public collaboration" models, are often quite similar (or even based on)
traditionally recognized FOSS practices. They are designed to foster public
collaboration and distributed development, just like FOSS. But unlike
traditional FOSS, they tend to apply some additional restrictions that restrict
collaboration.
These restrictions vary based on the business or social goals of the software
effort. In some cases, as here, we see time delays (mostly used to provide a
period of exclusive commercial exploitation) and in others, we see field-of-use
restrictions. FOU restrictions may also be used to protect commercial
interests, but are also commonly designed for social goals.\footnote{See the
Organization For Ethical Source at \otsurl{https://ethicalsource.dev/licenses/} and the
Anti-996 License at \otsurl{https://github.com/996icu/996.ICU/blob/master/LICENSE} for
two contemporary efforts that use public collaboration licenses to exclude what
they see as socially harmful usage of collective labor.} In either case,
though, the intended effect is market segmentation. DOSP segments the market
into a group of public, FOSS particpants and a set of companies willing to pay
for the latest features and proprietary use. Ethics-focused FOU licenses
segment the software's audience into a group of FOSS-like, public collaborators
and a set of actors who do not meet the social standards of the software
creators. In both cases, the aim of the public collaboration license is
exclusive exploitation to advantage one group and not the other.
Just as FOSS shook out into a handful of licenses that are used by the vast
majority of projects, we might be seeing a convergence toward a recognizable set
of DOSP licenses. It is too soon to know for sure if the current options will
settle in as the standard. The list of most-used FOSS licenses has been quite
stable for over a decade now, and there is little reason to think it will
change any time soon. With DOSP licenses, though, it is possible we are still
in a period of experimenation. Today's handful of commonly-used licenses may
just be a precursor to tomorrow's recognized standard.
\numberedsection{Early History}
\numberedsection{Early History}
For many years, Aladdin GhostScript implemented a DOSP policy whereby
For many years, Aladdin GhostScript implemented a DOSP policy whereby
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